Pest Insect and Disease Biology and Monitoring

• Order Mid-Atlantic Orchard Monitoring Guide
• Biological and monitoring information for orchard arthropods: Reprinted with permission from Mid-Atlantic Orchard Monitoring Guide, published by NRAES, 152 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853-5701. (607) 255-7654
 
• Direct Pests of Pear - affecting fruit directly
 
• Brown marmorated stink bug
• Codling moth
• Oriental fruit moth
• Spotted wing drosophila
• Pear rust mite
• Pear sawfly
• Pearleaf blister mite


• Indirect Pests of Pear - affecting other parts of the plant
• Spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula  (Recorded presentation)
  
• Report a find:
  https://ask.extension.org/groups/1981/ask
• Pear psylla
• Spider mites (listen to recorded presentation on mites in orchards)
• Pearleaf blister mite
• Pear slug
• San Jose scale
• Periodical cicada (Recorded presentation)
• Current pheromone trap data for selected pome fruit pests
 
• Virginia Counties:
• 2010: Madison (see Graves Apple and Peach data), Rappahannock, Winchester
• 2008:  Montgomery, Madison (see Graves Apple and Peach data), Nelson, Rappahannock, Winchester
• 2004: Albemarle, Amherst, Botetourt, Montgomery, Madison (see Graves Apple and Peach data), Nelson, Rappahannock, Winchester
• 2003: Albemarle, Amherst, Montgomery, Madison (see Graves Apple and Peach data), Nelson, Rappahannock, Winchester
• 2002: Albemarle (Covesville; Miller School), Amherst, Botetourt,Montgomery (also see 2001), Nelson, Patrick, Rappahannock
• West Virginia
• Degree-day use and interpretation for growers
• Degree-day targets for CM, OFM and TBM


• Tree Fruit Pests of the Month!
• Fruit Disease Focus, prepared by Alan Biggs at the West Virginia Fruit Lab
• Fruit Insect Focus, prepared by Henry Hogmire at the West Virginia Fruit Lab
• Biological and monitoring information for pear diseases:
• Disease information and index of photos
• Fire blight alternatives - Paul Steiner

 
• The Orchard Monitor, a biweekly newsletter on fruit IPM from West Virginia University

 
• WSU Pear Entomology page

• En español: El Manual de Monitoreo de Plagas, Enemigos Naturales y Enfermidades del Manzano, Peral y Cerezo: Una Guia Ilustrada para el estado de Washington (Orchard Monitoring Manual for Pests, Natural Enemies and Diseases of Apple, Pear and Cherry: An Illustrated Guide for Washington State)

Biological Control

• Predators of Mites and AphidsReprinted with permission from Mid-Atlantic Orchard Monitoring Guide, published by NRAES, 152 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853-5701. (607) 255-7654

 
Predators of Mites - L.A. Hull and R. L. Horsburgh
 
• Stethorus punctum
• Amblyseius fallacis
• Zetzellia mali
• Minute pirate bugs
• Black hunter
• Predatory mirids
Predators of aphids - D. G. Pfeiffer and H. W. Hogmire
 
• Syrphid flies
• Aphid midge, Aphidoletes aphidimyza
• Green and brown lacewings
• Ladybird beetles
• Minute pirate bugs (Andrews & Kuhar VCE Factsheet on pirate bugs)


• Toxicity to Orchard Predators from Pesticides [from 2022 Spray Bulletin for Commercial Tree Fruit Growers (Virginia and West Virginia Coop. Ext. Pub. 456-419)]

• Biological Control: Natural Enemies of North America (Cornell)

• Commercial sources of natural enemies
• Green Methods (Nottingham NH)
• Koppert Biological Systems
• Netherlands
• Romulus NY
  
• IPM Laboratories (Locke NY)
• Arbico Organics
• Certis (microbials)
• BASF (entomopathogenic nematodes)

 
• Entomopathogenic Nematodes
    General information (OSU)
    Certis USA (source for entomopathogenic nematodes)

Chemical Control

• Your Nearest Poison Control Center - (800) 222-1222

• Label information:
• Agrian Label Lookup
• Pesticide labels, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) from CDMS
• Kelly Solutions database used by VDACS
• National Pesticide Information Retrieval System (NPIRS) label database
• 
  

• Control Recommendations (Use caution, because pest species and recommended controls vary regionally. Recommendations for commericial use and home use are made separately for specific reasons. Many pesticides used by commercial growers require applicators to be certified; these may not legally be purchased or applied by non-certified applicators. Materials recommended for home fruit production are safer for application in the typical homeowner environment.).
• Virginia, West Virginia and Maryland 2021 Spray Bulletin for Commercial Tree Fruit Growers (Virginia, West Virginia and Maryland Coop. Ext. Pub. 456-419) (hard copy of 2022 guide - $17.00 including tax.  Shipping will be charged; contact (https://apps.cals.vt.edu/flex/SprayBulletinVegGuideOrdering/SprayBulletinVegGuideOrdering.html)

(Abridged html 2017 version)
• IPM Introduction
• Tables of recommendations
• Text on Insecticides
• Degree-day targets for CM, OFM and TBM
• Mode of action
• Text on Fungicides and Bactericides (WVU)
• Orchard Nutritional Programs (WVU)
• Nematode Management (WVU)

• Links to Virginia Chemical Control Recommendations:
Pest Management Guide Series

• 2024 Commercial Horticultural and Forest Crops (including Commercial Small Fruit, Commercial Vineyards, Commercial Hops)
  
• 2024 Home Grounds and Animals (including HomeFruit
• 2024 Field Crops

• 2024 Spray Bulletin for Commercial Tree Fruit Growers

• 2024-2025 Mid-Atlantic Commercial Vegetable Recommendation

• 2024-2025 Penn State Tree Fruit Spray Recommendations
• Midwest  Tree Fruit Pest Management Handbook
• Washington 2018 Pest Management Recommendations (PDF)

• To buy hard copies of Virginia Tech Recommendations
• Spray Bulletin for Commercial Tree Fruit Growers (VA-WV-MD)
• Pest Management Guides
• Commercial Vineyard PMG
• Commercial Small Fruit PMG
• Home Fruit PMG
• Pesticide Applicator Training Manuals.

• Toxicityto Orchard Predators from Pesticides [from 2022 Spray Bulletin for Commercial Tree Fruit Growers (Virginia, West Virginia and Maryland Coop. Ext. Pub. 456-419)]
• Toxicity to Honey Bees of Fruit Insecticides [from 2022 Spray Bulletin for Commercial Tree Fruit Growers (Virginia and West Virginia Coop. Ext. Pub. 456-419)]
 
• Environmental Impact Quotient, developed at Cornell University to determine the environmental impact of orchard insecticides (updated by Cornell July 2003)

• Regulatory updates on pesticides:

• Pesticide labels, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), and Toxicological and environmental profiles of specific pesticides in Virginia-West Virginia-Maryland recommendations, also through CDMS link

• EPA Text on Pesticide Poisoning

• Information on organic pest control.

• Airblast sprayer calibration (Virginia Tech)


• A student demonstration on airblast calibration

• Modes of Action Classification Scheme for Insecticides (PDF), in Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) group site (see IRAC Classification), and Fungicides (Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) site (FRAC Classification)

• Insecticide Resistance Management (Breeze)

• NPIRS State Pesticide Information Retrieval System 

• Pesticide legislation - Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) (U. S. Senate web links)

Pheromone-based Monitoring and Management

• Labels for mating disruption products

• Codling moth: Isomate C-TT, sprayable Suterra's Checkmate CM-F), Suterra's CM and OFM Puffers, Isomate CM/OFM TT,
  SPLAT Cydia,
• Oriental fruit moth: SPLAT OFM, Isomate-M Rosso, Isomate CM/OFM TT,
• Dogwood borer: Isomate DWB (dogwood borer),
• Peach borers: Isomate PTB Dual,
• Grape berry moth: SPLAT GBM, Isomate GBM Plus (discont.),
• Grape root boarer:  Isomate GRB,
• Miscellaneous:  SPLAT Tuta, SPLAT GM, SPLAT GM Organic, SPLAT with spinosad, diamondback moth Checkmate DBM-F) (note formulations - impact on OMRI?)

 
• Syllabus for Arthropod Pest Management in Fruit Crops
• Lecture outline for pear IPM

• Illinois Weed Identification key (illustrated)
• WSSA (Weed Science Society of America) (includes photo gallery of weeds)
• Page from WSU

• 2016 Virginia Tech Tree Fruit Schools: Patrick-Carroll, Feb 8; Roanoke-Botetourt, Feb 9; Southside, Feb 10; Nelson-Albemarle, Feb 10; Rappahannock-Madison, Feb 11; Winchester, Feb 12.
  
• North American Raspberry and Blackberry National Conference - Williamsburg - 1-4 Mar 2016
• 2016 South Atlantic hops Conference, Richmond - 4-5 Mar 2016
  
• 9th International Conference on Integrated Fruit Production - Thessaloniki (Greece) - 4-8 Sep 2016
• International Congress of Entomology/Entomological Society of America Joint Meeting - Orlando FL - 25-30 Sep 2016
  
• IOBC/WPRS Working Group (see list of IOBC meetings).