Insecticide
Modes of Action
Updated 26 February 2018
Primary Target Site (Insecticide
Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) classification scheme)
Acetyl choline esterase inhibitors
(Resistance Group 1) carbamates (1A): carbaryl (Sevin),
methomyl (Lannate), oxamyl (Vydate). organophosphates (1B):
chlorpyrifos (Lorsban), diazinon (Diazinon), phosmet (Imidan).
Sodium channel modulators (Resistance Group 3) pyrethroids, pyrethrins: beta-cyfluthrin
(Baythroid), bifenthrin (Bifenture, Brigade, Capture), cyfluthrin
Tombstone), esfenvalerate (Adjourn, Asana), fenpropathrin
(Danitol), gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare, Proaxis), lambda-cyhalothrin (Lambda-Cy, Silencer,
Warrior; In part Besiege,
Endigo), permethrin (Ambush,
Pounce),
zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang Maxx).
Acetyl choline receptor
agonists/antagonists
(Resistance Group 4)
chloronicotinyls or neonicotinoids: acetamiprid (Assail),
clothianidin (Belay), imidacloprid (Admire Pro, Alias),
thiacloprid (Calypso), thiamethoxam (Actara, Agri-Flex; In part
Voiam Flexi, Endigo) (Resistance Group 4C)
sulfoxaflor (Closer) (Resistance Group 4D)
flupyradifurone (Sivanto)
Acetyl choline modulators (Resistance Group 5) spinosad (Entrust),
spinetoram (Delegate, Radiant)
Chloride channel activators (Resistance Group 6) abamectin (Abba, Agri-Mek, Minecto Pro,
Temprano, Gladiator), emamectin benzoate (Proclaim)
Juvenile hormone mimics (Resistance Group 7) pyriproxyfen (Esteem)
Potassium channel blockers (Resistance Groud 9C) flonicamid
(Beleaf
Unknown (Resistance Group 10) clofentezine (Apollo), hexythiazox
(Savey, Onager), etoxazole (Zeal)
Microbial disruptors of
midgut membranes
(Resistance Group 11) Bacillus
thuringiensis (Dipel)
Inhibition of oxidative
phosphorylation
(Resistance Group 12B)
organotins fenbutatin oxide (Vendex)
Inhibition of oxidative
phosphorylation
(Resistance Group 12C)
propargite (Omite)
Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0,
lepidopteran
(Resistance Group 15)
diflubenzuron (Dimilin), novaluron (Rimon)
Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1,
homopteran
(Resistance Group 16)
buprofezin (Centaur)
Ecdysone agonist/disruptors (Resistance Group 18A) methoxyfenozide (Intrepid), tebufenozide
(Confirm)
Mitochondrial complex III electron
transport inhibitors
(Resistance Group 20)
acequinocyl (Kanemite)
Mitochondrial complex I electron
transport inhibitors
(Resistance Group 21 and 21A) rotenone, pyridaben (Nexter), fenproximate
(Portal), tolfenpyrad (Apta)
Voltage dependent sodium channel
blockers (Resistance
Group 22) oxadiazines:
indoxacarb (Avaunt)
Lipid
synthesis inhibitor
(Resistance Group 23) -
spirodiclofen (Envidor), spirotetramat (Movento)
Neural inhibitors (unknown mode of action) (Resistnaec Grop 25)
cyflumetofen ((Nealta)
Ryanodine receptor agonist
(Resistance Group 28) - anthranilamides: chlorantraniliprole (rynaxypyr) (Altacor, Coragen, in part Besiege), cyantraniliprole (Exirel)
Neuronal
inhibitors
of unknown mode of action (Resistance Group 25) bifenazate
(Acramite)
Other pathogens CM
granulovirus (Cyd-X, Carpovirusine)
Note: Some commercial products contain combinations of
active ingredients from different resistance groups.