Lectures 2, 4:
Apple Insects; Biology & Management January 23, February 6

I. Pests Causing Direct Injury

 
• A. Internal Lepidoptera: codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), oriental fruit moth, lesser appleworm,

Graphlita molesta (Busck), G. prunivora (Walsh) (see key to internal injury)
 
• B. plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst)

 
• C. leafrollers
 
• 1. variegated leafroller & tufted apple bud moth,

Platynota flavedana (Clemens), P. ideausalis Walker
 
• 2. redbanded leafroller, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker)

 
• 3. obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris)

 
• 4. fruittree leafroller, Archips argyrospila (Walker)

 
• D. apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh)

 
• E. San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock)

 
• F. green fruitworms

 
• G. Miscellaneous
 
• 1. European apple sawfly, Hoplocampa testudinea (Klug)

 
• 2. apple curculio, Tachypterellus quadrigibbus (Say)

 
• A. Aphids
 
 
• 1. apple and spirea aphids, Aphis pomi DeGeer, A. spiraecola Patch

 
• 2. rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini)

 
• 3. apple grain aphid, Rhopalosiphum fitchii (Sanderson)

 
• 4. woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann)

 
• B. Mites
 
• 1. European red mite, Panonychus urticae (Koch)

 
• 2. twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch

 
• 3. apple rust mite, Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa)

 
• 4. management of complex
 
• Stethorus punctum

 
• Amblyseius fallacis

 
• Zetzellia mali

 
• Leptothrips mali

 
• C. Leafhoppers
 
• 1. white apple leafhopper, Typhlocyba pomaria McAtee

 
• 2. potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris)

 
• D. Leafminers
 
• 1. spotted tentiform & apple blotch leafminers

Phyllonorycter blancardella (F.), P. crataegella (Clemens)
 
• 2. Lyonetia speculella Clemens

 
• E. Miscellaneous
 
• 1. gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Virginia Tech Gyspy Moth Web Page)
• 2. Periodical cicada, Magicicada septendecim (L.) and others

 
• 3. Borers in apple:
• a. Prionus borers
• b. Dogwood borer, Synanthedon scitula (Harris)

 
• c. Roundheaded apple tree borer, Saperda candida Fabr.
• 4. eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum (F.)
 
• tent
• egg mass

 
• 5. fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury)
 
• Larva
• web
 
• 6. Cankerworms
 
• Larva
• Injury

 
• A. Trapping
 
• 1. Trece
• 2. Gempler's
• 3. IPM Technologies

 
• B. Mating disruption
 
• 1. Pheromone identification (Pherolist)
• 2. Use in orchards
• 3. Penn State page on mating disruption
• 4. Semiochemical program at Alnarp, Sweden

5. Labels for mating disruption products
• Codling moth: Isomate C+, 3M Sprayable Pheromone,
• Oriental fruit moth: Isomate M100, 3M Sprayable Pheromone,
• Grape berry moth: Isomate GBM, 3M Sprayable Pheromone,
• Lesser peachtree borer: Isomate LPTB (MSD),
• Peachtree borer: Isomate P (MSDS), 3M Sprayable Pheromone,
• 6. Sources of Mating Disruption Products On-Line:
• Pacific Biocontrol
• Chugai Boyeki Co.
• 3M Canada

V. References Cited

 
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