Peach IPM outline
ENT 4984
Updated 20 February 2003
Peach Insects; Biology & Management
I. Pests Causing Direct Injury
II. Pests Causing Indirect Injury
- A. Peachtree
borer, Synanthedon exitiosa (Say)
- B. Lesser
peachtree borer, Synanthedon pictipes (Grote & Robinson)
- C. Green
peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (role in tranmission
of plum
pox virus)
- D. European
red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch)
- E. peach
silver mite, Aculus cornutus (Banks)
- F. white
peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti)
- G. San
Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock)
- H. European
fruit lecanium, Parthenolecanium corni (Bouchª) and terrapin
scale, Mesolecanium nigrofasciatum (Pergande)
- I. Leafhoppers: Role for Scaphytopius
acutus
(Say) and Paraphlepsius irroratus (Say) in peach
x-disease, and plum leafhopper in peach
yellows (WVU peach
yellows
site)
- J. Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.)
III. References
- Allen, H. W. 1958. The oriental fruit moth.
USDA
Agric. Info. Bull. 182. 28.
- Allen, H. W. & E. L. Plasket. 1958.
Populations
of the oriental fruit moth in peach and apple orchards in the eastern
states.
USDA Tech. Bull. 1182. 13 p.
- Anderson, P. C. & R. F. Mizell. 1987.
Impact
of peach silver mite, Aculus cornutus (Acari: Eriophyidae), on
leaf
gas exchange of `Flordaking' and `June Gold' peach trees. Environ.
Entomol.
16: 660-663.
- Bailey, P. 1979. Effect of late season
populations
of twospotted spider mite on yield of peach trees. J. Econ. Entomol.
72:
8-10.
- Bobb, M. L. 1939. Parasites of the
oriental
fruit
moth in Virginia. J. Econ. Entomol. 32: 605-607.
- Bobb, M. L. 1942. Parasites of the
oriental
fruit
moth and of certain weed-infesting larvae. Va. Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech.
Bull.
79.23 p
- Bobb, M. L. 1953. The oriental fruit moth
and
its
control in Virginia. Va. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 457. 11 p
- Bobb, M. L. 1959. The biology of the
lesser
peach
tree borer in Virginia. J. Econ. Entomol. 52: 634-636.
- Bobb, M. L. 1970. Reduction of cat-facing
injury
to peaches. J. Econ. Entomol. 63: 1026-1027.
- Bobb, M . L., J. A. Weidhaas & L. F.
Ponton.
1973. White peach scale: Life history and control studies. J. Econ.
Entomol.
66: 1290-1292.
- Brown, S. L., C. C. Reilly, J. R. McVay,
C.
S. Gorsuch,
R. Gentry & J. R. Payne. 1991. Evaluation of peach cultivars as
peachtree
borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) hosts. Environ. Entomol. 20: 1108-1112.
- Croft, B. A., M. F. Michels & R. E.
Rice.
1980.
Validation of a PETE timing model for the oriental fruit moth in
Michigan
and central California (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). Great Lakes
Entomol.
13: 211-217.
- Curtis, C. E., J. D. Clark & J. S.
Tebbets. 1991.
Incidence of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in packed
nectarines.
J. Econ. Entomol. 84: 1686-1690.
- Custer, P. K. 1981. Insects causing
catfacing
and
associated injuries and their control on peach in West Virginia. M.S.
thesis,
West Virginia Univ., Morgantown. 99 p.
- Dustan, G. G. 1964. Mating behavior of
the
oriental
fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera:
Olethreutidae).
Can. Entomol. 96: 1087-1093.
- Garcia-Salazar, C., M. E. Whalon & U.
Rahardja.
1991. Temperature-dependent pathogenicity of the X-disease
mycoplasma-like
organism to its vector, Paraphlepsis irroratus (Homoptera:
Cicadellidae).
Environ. Entomol. 20: 179-184.
- Gentry, C. C., R. L. Holloway & D. K.
Pollet.
1978. Pheromone monitoring of peachtree borers and lesser peachtree
borers
in South Carolina. J. Econ. Entomol. 71: 247-253.
- Gorsuch, C. S., G. T. Lee & D. R.
Alverson. 1989.
Arthropod species collected from peach trees in South Carolina
utilizing
a whole-tree sampling method. J. Agric. Entomol. 6: 233-255.
- Haeussler. G. J. 1940. Parasites of the
oriental
fruit moth in Japan and Chosen and their introduction into the United
States.
USDA Tech. Bull. 728. 62 p.
- Hogmire, H. W., B. A. Butt & E. H.
Beers.
1982.
Peach tree borer and lesser peach tree borer control Va. Fruit 70(6):
3,
5, 7, 9.
- Hogmire, H. W., & D. F. Polk. 1995.
Peach
and
nectarine - Indirect pests. p. 56-61. In: Hogmire, H. W. (ed.).
Mid-Atlantic Orchard Monitoring Guide. NRAES 75.
- Killian, J. C. & J. R. Meyer. 1984.
Effect of
orchard weed management on catfacing damage to peaches in North
Carolina.
J. Econ. Entomol. 77: 1596-1600.
- KozÖr, F. 1972. Susceptibility of peach
varieties
to infection by scale, with special regard to San Jose scale. Acta
Phytopathol.
Acad. Sci. Hung. 7: 409-414.
- Larsen, K. J. & M. E. Whalon. 1988.
Dispersal
of Paraphlepsis irroratus (Say) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in
peach
and cherry orchards. Environ. Entomol. 17: 842-851.
- Massoniª, G., P. Maison, R. Monet &
C.
Grasselly.
1982. Rªsistance au puceron vert du p¹cher, Myzus persicae
Sulzer (Homoptera Aphididae) chez Prunus persica (L.) Batsch et
d'autres esp¿ces de Prunus. Agronomie 2: 63-70.
- McClernan, W. A. & R. P. Marini.
1986.
European
red mite on yield, fruit quality, and growth of peach trees.
HortScience
21: 244-246.
- Meagher, R. L., J. R. Meyer & J. C.
Killian.
1987. Within-tree distribution of catfacing injury on peaches in North
Carolina. 4: 78-81.
- Meyer, R. H. 1982. Biological
characteristics
that
make the lesser peachtree borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) a pest on peach
trees. Great Lakes Entomol. 15: 189-192.
- Meyer, J. R. & C. A. Nalepa. 1991.
Effect
of
dormant oil treatments on white peach scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae)
and
its overwintering parasite complex. J. Entomol. Sci. 26: 27-32.
- Mobley, K. N & R. P. Marini. 1990.
Gas
exchange
characteristics of apple and peach leaves infested by European red mite
and twospotted spider mite. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 115: 757-761.
- Pfeiffer, D. G. 1997. Deciduous fruit
trees.
p. 293-322. In:
Y. Ben-Dov & C. J. Hodgson (eds.) Soft Scale Insects: Their
Biology,
Natural Enemies and Control. World Crop Pests, vol 7B. Elsevier,
Amsterdam.
- Pfeiffer, D. G. & J. C. Killian.
1988.
Disruption
of olfactory communication in oriental fruit moth and lesser appleworm
in a Virginia peach orchard. J. Agric. Entomol. 5: 235-239.
- Pfeiffer, D. G., J. C. Killian, E. G.
Rajotte, L.
A. Hull, & J. W. Snow. 1991. Mating disruption for reduction of
damage
by lesser peachtree borer in Virginia and Pennsylvania peach orchards.
J. Econ. Entomol. 84: 218-223.
- Polk, D. F., H. W. Hogmire & C. M.
Felland. 1995.
Peach and nectarine - Direct pests. p. 49-56 In: Hogmire, H. W.
(ed.). Mid-Atlantic Orchard Monitoring Guide. NRAES 75.
- Pree, D. J. 1979. Toxicity of phosmet,
azinphosmethyl,
and permethrin to the oriental fruit moth and its parasite, Macrocentrus
ancylivorus. Environ. Entomol. 8: 969-972.
- Pree, D. J. 1985. Control of the
tarnished
plant
bug Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois on peaches. Can.
Entomol.
117: 327-331.
- Reed, D. K., K. L. Mikolajczak & C.
R.
Krause.
1988. Ovipositional behavior of lesser peachtree borer in presence of
host-plant
volatiles. J. Chem. Ecol. 14: 237-252.
- Reilly, C. C., C. R. Gentry & J. R.
McVay. 1987.
Biochemical evidence for resistance of rootstocks to the peachtree
borer
and species separation of peachtree borer and lesser peachtree borer
(Lepidoptera:
Sesiidae) on peach trees. J. Econ. Entomol. 80: 338-343.
- Rice, R. E. & P. Kirsch. 1990. Mating
disruption
of oriental fruit moth in the United States. p. 193-211. In: R.
L. Ridgway, R. M. Silverstein & M. N. Inscoe. (eds.).
Behavior-Modifying
Chemical for Insect Management. Marcel Dekker, NY.
- Rice, R. E., C. V. Weakley & R. A.
Jones.
1984.
Using degree-days to determine optimum spray timing for the oriental
fruit
moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 77: 698-700.
- Rolston, L. H. & R. L. Kendrick.
1961.
Biology
of the brown stink bug, Euschistus servus Say. J. Kansas
Entomol.
Soc. 34: 151-157.
- Sharp, J. L. & J. James. 1978.
Influences
of
the age of the trap and pheromone on capturing males of the lesser
peachtree
borer in sticky traps. Environ. Entomol. 7: 817-819.
- Snow, J. W., C. R. Gentry & M. Novak.
1985. Behavior
and control of the peachtree borer and lesser peachtree borer
(Lepidoptera:
Sesiidae) in peach orchards permeated with (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol
acetate.
J.
Econ. Entomol. 78: 190-196.
- Swift, F. C. 1986. Cytospora canker and
the
establishment
of lesser peachtree borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) in peach trees. J.
Econ.
Entomol. 79: 537-540.
- Tamaki, G. 1973. Spring populations of
the
green
peach aphid on peach trees and the role of natural enemies in their
control
Environ. Entomol. 2: 186-191.
- Tamaki, G. 1981. Exploiting the
ecological
interaction
of the green peach aphid on peach trees. U.S. Dept. Agric. Tech. Bull.
1640. 6 p.
- Tamaki, G., B. J. Landis & R. E.
Weeks.
1967.
Autumn populations of green peach aphid on peach trees and the role of
syrphid flies in their control. J. Econ. Entomol. 60: 433-436.
- Tamaki, G. & R. E. Weeks. 1968. Use
of
chemical
defoliants on peach trees in integrated program to suppress populations
of green peach aphids. J. Econ. Entomol. 61: 431-435.
- Underhill, G. W. 1934. The green
stinkbug.
Va. Agric.
Exp. Bull. 294. 26 p.
- van Steenwyk, R. A., D. M. Havens &
R.
Freeman.
1990. Evaluation of trap types for two vectors of western X-disease: Colladonus
montanus and Fieberiella florii (Homoptera: Cicadellidae).
J.
Econ. Entomol. 83: 2279-2283.
- Woodside, A. M. 1950. Cat-facing and
dimpling
of
peaches. Va. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 435. 18 p.
- Yonce, C. E. 1980. Effectiveness of
chlorpyrifos
for control of Synanthedon pictipes and S. exitiosa in
peach
orchard tests of young trees with emphasis on timing applications. J.
Econ.
Entomol. 78: 827-828.
- Yonce, C. E & R. R. Pate. 1979.
Seasonal
distribution
of Synanthedon exitiosa in the Georgia peach belt monitored by
pheromone
trapping. Environ. Entomol. 8: 32-33.
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